Chapter 3: Methodology
Purpose of Chapter 3
The methodology chapter provides a detailed blueprint of your research design and procedures. It should be comprehensive enough that another researcher could replicate your study. This chapter demonstrates your understanding of research methods and justifies your methodological choices.
Section Breakdown
Research Design
- • State your research paradigm (positivist, interpretivist, pragmatist)
- • Identify approach (quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods)
- • Specify design type (experimental, survey, case study, etc.)
- • Justify why this design addresses your research questions
Population and Sampling
- • Define your target population
- • Explain sampling frame and technique
- • Justify sample size with power analysis or saturation
- • Describe inclusion/exclusion criteria
Data Collection
- • Detail instruments (surveys, interview protocols)
- • Establish validity and reliability
- • Describe pilot testing procedures
- • Explain data collection timeline and process
Data Analysis Plan
- • Specify analysis techniques for each research question
- • Describe statistical tests or coding procedures
- • Explain data preparation and cleaning
- • Address assumptions and limitations
Research Approach Comparison
| Aspect | Quantitative | Qualitative | Mixed Methods |
|---|---|---|---|
| Purpose | Test hypotheses | Explore phenomena | Comprehensive understanding |
| Sample Size | Large (n>30) | Small (n=5-25) | Varies by phase |
| Analysis | Statistical | Thematic | Both |
Ethical Considerations
- • IRB Approval: Obtain before data collection
- • Informed Consent: Clear, voluntary participation
- • Confidentiality: Protect participant identity
- • Data Security: Secure storage and disposal plans
- • Risk Mitigation: Address potential harm to participants
Sample Size Guidelines
Quantitative Studies:
- • Regression: 10-20 cases per variable
- • Factor analysis: 5-10 cases per item
- • Survey research: Use power analysis (G*Power)
Qualitative Studies:
- • Phenomenology: 5-25 participants
- • Case study: 1-10 cases
- • Grounded theory: 20-30 participants
Validity and Reliability
Quantitative
- • Internal validity
- • External validity
- • Construct validity
- • Reliability (Cronbach's α > 0.7)
Qualitative
- • Credibility
- • Transferability
- • Dependability
- • Confirmability
Common Pitfalls
- 🚫 Misalignment: Methods don't match research questions
- 🚫 Insufficient Detail: Not enough information for replication
- 🚫 Weak Justification: Not explaining why you chose specific methods
- 🚫 Missing Limitations: Not acknowledging methodological constraints